大奶我最爱 2016-8-26 11:54
三星自主CPU架构发布:高主频 高能效[13P]
[font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 高通骁龙820、三星Exynos 8890这两大旗舰级移动处理器同时采用了自主设计的64位CPU架构。高通是自主设计CPU的老手,当年的Krait横兴天下无敌手,三星则是第一次玩自己的CPU架构,结果表现丝毫不比高通逊色。[/size][/font]
[font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 那么,作为新生的三星为何能有此上佳表现?Hots Chips大会上,三星终于公布了Exynos M1(代号为猫鼬Mongoose)的一些架构设计资料。[/size][/font]
[align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/b4989eb89aeafe5_w600_h334.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px]三星自主CPU架构[/size][/font][/align][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] M1架构基于ARMv8 32/64位指令集,是三星第一次从零开始做CPU架构设计,从立项到流片历时3年,看来是在2013年Galaxy S4发布前后启动的。[/size][/font]
[font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 由于采用了14nm FinFET先进工艺和自主架构,M1的核心频率可达2.6GHz,核心功耗则不到3W,因此可以同时集成四个M1自主核心和四个A53小核心。[/size][/font]
[align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/833639fb7e00622_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px]三星自主CPU架构[/size][/font][/align][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] M1架构的主要特点:先进分支预测、四指令解码、四微指令分派和回退、完全乱序指令执行、多步多流预取器、低延迟低功耗缓存。[/size][/font]
[align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/c85764fe1e349c1_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 分支预测部分[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/6766240b5144a69_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 指令缓存部分[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/660ea7fc730ff4a_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 解码/重命名/回退部分[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/fb3a0393868a133_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 整数执行部分:每周期最多7个微指令[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/0c0269ae005a2f2_w600_h335.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 浮点执行部分[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/3a5ba65c90a4f6a_w600_h335.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 载入/存储部分[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/288070b3111f94e_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 二级缓存部分:16-way 2MB,22周期延迟[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/0e879d9db24ce39_w600_h335.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px]三星自主CPU架构[/size][/font][/align][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 基本流水线结构:指令拾取、解码、执行、内存读写和写回,以及乱序设计下的寄存器重命名、分派、调度阶段,都在这儿[/size][/font]
[align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/cfa7549de2dbc9a_w600_h335.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 公布如此细致的CPU内核结构图是很罕见的,可见三星对此是多么自信[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/e900b1610f03509_w600_h335.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 这是四个M1大核心的部分,三级缓存贯穿其中[/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px][img]http://p0.ifengimg.com/haina/2016_35/961f001b8097c1a_w600_h336.jpg[/img][/size][/font][/align][align=center][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px]三星自主CPU架构[/size][/font][/align][font=simsun, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif][size=14px] 2.3GHz M1架构、2.1GHz A57公版架构功耗、能效对比:频率高200MHz,功耗只高10%左右或持平甚至更低,而能效则普遍高出50-100%,最多接近3倍![/size][/font]